U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division about TITLE VI LEGAL MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE VI LEGAL MANUAL

U.S. Department of Justice
Civil Rights Division
P.O. Box 65560
Washington, D.C. 20035-6560

September, 1998

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

I. Overview: Interplay of Title VI with Title IX, Section 504, the Fourteenth Amendment, and Title VII

II. Synopsis of Legislative History and Purpose of Title VI

III. Title VI Applies to "Persons"

IV. "In the United States"

V. Federal Financial Assistance Includes More Than Money

    A. Examples of Federal Financial Assistance
    B. Direct and Indirect Receipt of Federal Assistance
    C. Federal Action That Is Not Federal Financial Assistance

VI. What is a Recipient?

    A. Regulations
    B. Direct, Contract Relationship
    C. Indirect Recipient
    D. Transferees and Assignees
    E. Primary/Subrecipient Programs
    F. Contractor and Agent
    G. Recipient v. Beneficiary

VII. "Program or Activity"

    A. Initial Passage and Judicial Interpretations
    B. Grove City College
    C. Civil Rights Restoration Act
    D. State and Local Governments
    E. Educational Institutions
    F. Corporations and Private Entities
    G. Catch-All/Combinations of Entities

VIII. What Constitutes Discriminatory Conduct?

    A. Intentional Discrimination/Disparate Treatment
    B. Disparate Impact/Effects
    C. Retaliation

IX. Employment Coverage

    A. Scope of Coverage
    B. Regulatory Referral of Employment Complaints to the EEOC

X. Federal Funding Agency Methods to Evaluate Compliance

    A. Pre-Award Reviews
        1. Assurances of Compliance
        2. Deferral of the Decision Whether to Grant Assistance
        3. Pre-Award Authority of Recipients vis-a-vis Subrecipients
        4. Pre-Award Data Collection
        5. Recommendations Concerning Pre-award Reviews
    B. Post-Award Compliance Reviews
        1. Selection of Targets and Scope of Compliance Review
        2. Procedures for Compliance Reviews
        3. Complaints

XI. Federal Funding Agency Methods to Enforce Compliance

    A. Efforts to Achieve Voluntary Compliance
        1. Voluntary Compliance at the Pre-Award Stage
            a. Special Conditions
            b. Use of Cautionary Language
        2. Other Nonlitigation Alternatives
    B. "Any Other Means Authorized by Law:" Judicial Enforcement
    C. Fund Suspension and Termination
        1. Fund Termination Hearings
        2. Agency Fund Termination is Limited to the Particular Political Entity, or Part Thereof, that Discriminated

XII. Private Right of Action and Individual Relief through Agency Action

    A. Entitlement to Damages for Intentional Violations
    B. Availability of Compensatory Damages in Other Circumstances
    C. Recommendations for Agency Action
    D. States Do Not Have Eleventh Amendment Immunity Under Title VI

XIII. Department of Justice Role Under Title VI